Egysejt-fehérje előállítása állati takarmányozáshoz fermentációs biotechnológiával
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Háttérinformáció: A fermentáció egyfajta biotechnológia, amely mikroorganizmusok kémiai folyamatait használ állati táplálék előállítására. A régi időkben a hulladékokat vegyszerekkel kezelték, napjainkban viszont a vállalkozások a hulladékokat értékes élelmiszerekké, élelmiszer-összetevőkké vagy takarmánytermékekké például egysejt-olajokká, vagy egysejtfehérjékké alakítják át. A leggyakrabban használt szubsztrátum a melasz és a kukoricaáztató lúg, amelyek a fermentációs folyamat részei. Cél: Kéziratunk megírásának célja az, hogy áttekintést adjon az egysejt-fehérjék (single cell proteins – SCP) fermentációs eljárással történő előállításához felhasznált élesztőtörzsekről és élelmiszer-melléktermékekről. Ezen túlmenően a dolgozat összefoglalja az egysejt-fehérjék szerepét az állati takarmányban. Módszerek: A cikk anyagához a Google Scholar Medline és PubMed adatbázisában elektronikus keresést végeztünk. További keresést végeztünk az Élelmiszer- és Mezőgazdasági Világszervezet, a FAO kutatási cikkadatbázisában. Eredmények: A fentebb említett szubsztrátok és a különböző mikroorganizmusok (algák, élesztő, baktériumok) által termelt egysejt-fehérjék fontos szerepet játszanak az állati takarmányozásban. Ezenkívül az SCP-k kiváló minőségű fehérje-, telítetlen zsírsav-, vitamin- és ásványianyag-források az állatok számára. Következtetés: Az egysejt-fehérje fermentációval történő előállítása számos jelentős előnnyel jár, beleértve a fenntarthatóságot, az egészséget és a termelési hatékonyságot.
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