Fogyasztói élelmiszerhulladék-csökkentési programok Európában
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Az elmúlt két évtizedben a tudományos közösség jelentős mértékű ismeretet halmozott fel a fogyasztói élelmiszer-pazarlással kapcsolatban. Ismerjük a pazarlást befolyásoló egyéni, társadalmi, demográfiai tényezőket, és számos tapasztalatunk van a csökkentési programok tervezésének, kivitelezésének tekintetében. Az Európai Unió ebben az időszakban az élelmiszer-hulladékok csökkentésére jogszabályi keretrendszert, valamint szakpolitikai programcsomagot épített fel. Az EU célja, hogy – követve az ENSZ fenntartható fejlődési irányvonalát (SDG 12.3) – 2030-ig felére csökkentse a fogyasztói élelmiszer-hulladék mennyiségét [1]. Ennek érdekében a tagállamokat nemzeti élelmiszerhulladék-megelőzési programok indítására, valamint az élelmiszer-hulladékok mennyiségének mérésére és jelentésére kötelezte. Cikkünkben ismertetjük az említett jogszabályi és szakpolitikai keretrendszert. Tanulmányunk célja továbbá feltérképezni a tagállami élelmiszerhulladék-megelőzési programokat, valamint azok célkitűzéseit vizsgálni az ENSZ SDG 12.3 csökkentési cél tükrében. Megvizsgáltuk az élelmiszerhulladék-csökkentés területén zászlóshajónak számító nemzetközi projekteket is. Az eddigi tapasztalatok alapján a tagállamok elköteleződtek az 50%-os csökkentési cél irányában, azonban az összehangolt mérési módszertan, a viszonyítási bázis és a beavatkozási programok hatékonysága terén egyelőre kevés információ áll rendelkezésre. A csökkentési cél reális megvalósíthatósága tehát egyelőre kérdéses. Javaslatunk az EU szintjén egyéni tagállami csökkentési célok meghatározása, valamint a csökkentési programok hatékonyságát ellenőrző egységes rendszer kialakítása.
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Innovációs és Technológiai Minisztérium
Grant numbers ÚNKP-21-5
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